Depth for dose calibration in high energy photon beams

AbstractBackground and purpose: The normalisation depth for determination of output factors in photon fields has frequently been the depth ofdose maximum. At high energies the contribution from contaminating electrons is significant at dose maximum and is critically dependenton the beam geometry parameters, which is why a larger depth should be preferred.Materials and methods: The effect of electron contamination was studied using a purging magnet to remove charged particles from thetreatment he ...

مقاله : Impact of miscentering on patient dose and image noise in x-ray CT imaging Phantom and clinical studies

The operation of the bowtie filter in x-ray CT is correct if the object being scannedis properly centered in the scanner’s field-of-view. Otherwise, the dose delivered to thepatient and image noise will deviate from optimal setting. We investigate the effect of miscen-tering on image noise and surface dose on three commercial CT scanners. Six cylindrical phan-toms with different size and material were scanned on each scanner. The phantoms werepositioned at 0, 2, 4 and 6 cm below the isocen ...

مقاله : Depth Dose Measurements using MOSFETS, diodes and ion chambers

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External Beam Photon Dose Calculations_Thomas Rockwell Mackie

Correction-Based Dose Computation Model-Based Dose Computation What Has to Be Accounted ForIn Model Based Methods Modeling the Head Issues with the Leaf Shape Model-Based Methods Are Need for IMRT IMRT Is About Using Small Fields IMRT Is About Using Small Fields Extend the Beam Model Dose Computation as a Linear System , ... ...

Visual Monte Carlo in vivo and dose calculation

VMC "in vivo" is used to calibrate Whole Body Counter systems. VMC "dose calculation" is used to calculate doses from point, ground or cloud sources. VMC "dose calculation" is useful for estimating doses in emergency situations, or after accidents. For VMC in-vivo, where special geometries or detectors are required: BOMABs or the male voxel phantom sitting down; Female voxel phantoms; Child voxel phantoms; Activity in a number of tissues at the same time, for example, lung, bone, liver and sof ...

ICRP 2012 Fluence to Dose Factors

ICRP 2012 Fluence to Dose Factors فاکتور های تبدیل شار به دوز فوتونی الکترونی نوترونی ...

ICRP Dose soft

ICRP Dose soft ICRP Database of Dose Coefficients: Workers and Members of the Public; Ver. 3.0 ICRP Dose 2 ICRP Database of Dose Coefficients: Embryo and Fetus; Ver. 2.0   ICRP Dose 3 ICRP Database of Dose Coefficients: Radionuclides in Mother’s Milk; Ver. 2.0 ...

DOSE LIMITS : COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE PER UNIT INTAKE

DOSE LIMITS : COMMITTED EFFECTIVE DOSE PER UNIT INTAKE VIA INHALATION AND VIA INGESTION (Sv/Bq) FOR WORKERS IAEA Publication ...